This book has been meticulously designed to meet the academic needs of undergraduate students and to serve as a reliable reference for both classroom learning and practical application in clinical settings.

The primary aim of this textbook is to simplify complex concepts, provide clear explanations, and integrate theoretical knowledge with practical insights. Each chapter has been structured to facilitate progressive learning, beginning with foundational principles and advancing to clinical applications relevant to anaesthesia and operation theatre technology.

Special attention has been given to illustrations, flowcharts, and tables, making difficult topics easier to grasp. Mnemonics and point-wise explanations have been included wherever necessary to enhance memory retention and to support students in preparing effectively for examinations.